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Related Experiment Videos

A conditioning model of alcohol tolerance.

C L Melchior, B Tabakoff

    Recent Developments in Alcoholism : an Official Publication of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism, the Research Society on Alcoholism, and the National Council on Alcoholism
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Learned tolerance to ethanol (alcohol) involves conditioned responses to cues, differing from non-learned tolerance. Neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and serotonin play key roles in these distinct tolerance mechanisms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Behavioral pharmacology
    • Addiction research

    Background:

    • Tolerance to ethanol (alcohol) effects can be acquired through classical conditioning.
    • Conditioned tolerance is associated with environmental cues signaling ethanol availability.
    • This learned tolerance differs from tolerance developed without learning cues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanisms underlying environment-dependent and environment-independent ethanol tolerance.
    • To explore the roles of norepinephrine and serotonin in these tolerance types.
    • To examine the contribution of cued alterations in ethanol's volume of distribution.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a classical conditioning paradigm to induce environment-dependent tolerance.
    • Employing a separate paradigm for environment-independent tolerance.
    • Manipulating norepinephrine and serotonin levels in the brain.

    Main Results:

    • Norepinephrine depletion blocked both tolerance types.
    • Serotonin depletion accelerated environment-dependent tolerance but inhibited environment-independent tolerance.
    • Cued changes in ethanol's volume of distribution were crucial for conditioned tolerance.

    Conclusions:

    • Ethanol tolerance involves distinct learned and non-learned pathways.
    • Norepinephrine and serotonin modulate these pathways differently.
    • Conditioned compensatory responses may underlie ethanol craving, suggesting extinction as a relapse prevention strategy.

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