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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
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Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
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Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

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Overview
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Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Turner Syndrome 45XO Fetal Cells for Downstream Modelling of Neurological Deficits Associated with the Syndrome
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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Turner Syndrome 45XO Fetal Cells for Downstream Modelling of Neurological Deficits Associated with the Syndrome

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Trisomy 8 syndrome.

A R Gagliardi, E H Tajara, M Varella-Garcia

    Journal of Medical Genetics
    |February 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details a male patient with complete trisomy 8, highlighting key diagnostic features. Skeletal anomalies, joint issues, and speech difficulties are critical indicators for trisomy 8 diagnosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genetics
    • Clinical Medicine
    • Dermatoglyphics

    Background:

    • Trisomy 8 is a chromosomal abnormality.
    • Understanding its clinical manifestations is crucial for diagnosis and management.

    Observation:

    • A male patient with complete trisomy 8 was analyzed.
    • Clinical and dermatoglyphic data were collected and compared to existing literature.

    Findings:

    • Key discriminating features of trisomy 8 include skeletal anomalies.
    • Restricted articular function and speech problems are also significant indicators.
    • Dermatoglyphic patterns may offer additional diagnostic clues.

    Implications:

    • These findings aid in the accurate diagnosis of trisomy 8.
    • Early identification allows for timely intervention and supportive care.
    • Further research into trisomy 8 phenotypes can improve patient outcomes.