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Related Experiment Videos

Laboratory diagnosis of bleeding disorders. Basic screening tests.

R L Palmer

    Postgraduate Medicine
    |December 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Diagnosing bleeding disorders involves five key tests: bleeding time (BT), platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT). Each test helps pinpoint specific causes, from platelet issues to clotting factor deficiencies or coagulation disorders.

    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Clinical Pathology
    • Diagnostic Medicine

    Background:

    • Bleeding disorders are a group of conditions that affect the normal clotting of blood.
    • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and treatment.
    • Several laboratory tests are essential for differentiating various types of bleeding disorders.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the significance of five key laboratory tests in diagnosing bleeding disorders.
    • To correlate specific abnormal test results with potential underlying causes of bleeding.
    • To provide a diagnostic framework based on common hematological and coagulation assays.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of five critical diagnostic studies for bleeding disorders: bleeding time (BT) (Simplate), platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT).

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  • Analysis of isolated and combined abnormalities of these tests to infer specific pathological conditions.
  • Correlation of laboratory findings with known causes of bleeding, including platelet disorders, coagulation factor deficiencies, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Isolated low platelet count suggests peripheral destruction, immunothrombocytopenia, or bone marrow production issues.
    • An isolated abnormal bleeding time (BT) often indicates a platelet aggregation defect, commonly due to medication.
    • An isolated abnormal activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in a patient with a bleeding history points to hemophilia.
    • An abnormal prothrombin time (PT), with or without an abnormal aPTT, suggests a reduction in vitamin K-dependent factors (II, VII, IX, X) or factor V.
    • An abnormal thrombin time (TT) may indicate disseminated intravascular coagulation, heparin presence, or liver disease (hepatopathy).

    Conclusions:

    • The five discussed tests provide a robust panel for the initial diagnosis of bleeding disorders.
    • Interpreting patterns of abnormality across BT, platelet count, aPTT, PT, and TT allows for targeted etiological investigation.
    • These diagnostic studies are fundamental in differentiating platelet function defects, coagulation factor deficiencies, and complex coagulopathies.