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Related Experiment Videos

Cortical abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease.

N L Foster, T N Chase, L Mansi

    Annals of Neurology
    |December 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Alzheimer's disease patients show significantly reduced brain glucose metabolism, particularly in posterior brain regions. This decline precedes cognitive symptoms and accelerates with disease progression.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Medical Imaging
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline.
    • Cerebral glucose metabolism is a key indicator of neuronal activity and brain health.
    • Positron emission tomography (PET) allows for in vivo measurement of regional brain metabolism.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare regional cerebral glucose metabolism between Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy controls.
    • To investigate the pattern and severity of metabolic changes in the AD brain.
    • To explore the relationship between glucose metabolism decline and cognitive impairment in AD.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) administration.

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  • Scanned 20 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and 8 age-matched healthy volunteers.
  • Quantified and compared regional cerebral glucose utilization across different cortical areas.

    • Main Results:

    • Alzheimer's disease patients exhibited 10-49% lower overall cortical glucose utilization compared to controls.
    • The most severe metabolic reductions were observed in the posterior parietal cortex, posterior temporal lobes, and anterior occipital lobes.
    • The frontal cortex showed relatively preserved glucose metabolism in AD patients.
    • Significant metabolic decline was detected even before the onset of evident cognitive impairment, with further deterioration associated with symptom progression.

    Conclusions:

    • Regional cerebral glucose hypometabolism is a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease, with a characteristic pattern of cortical involvement.
    • Metabolic changes in the brain may precede clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
    • The rate of metabolic decline correlates with the severity of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.