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Morphologic features of the normal and abnormal mitral valve.

W C Roberts

    The American Journal of Cardiology
    |March 15, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Severe cardiac dysfunction in 1,010 patients revealed rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) in 43% and non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation (MR) in 16%. Mitral valve prolapse was the primary cause of MR in patients over 30 without aortic valve disease.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Valvular Heart Disease
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Mitral valve disease, including mitral stenosis (MS) and mitral regurgitation (MR), significantly contributes to cardiac dysfunction.
    • Understanding the etiology and prevalence of these conditions is crucial for patient management and treatment strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the anatomic and functional features of normal and abnormal mitral valves.
    • To determine the prevalence and causes of mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation in patients with severe cardiac dysfunction.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of necropsy data from 1,010 patients with severe cardiac dysfunction (NYHA Class III or IV) due to primary valvular heart disease.
    • Review of operatively excised mitral valves from patients with pure mitral regurgitation.

    Main Results:

    • Mitral stenosis (MS) was present in 43% of patients, predominantly of rheumatic origin.
    • Pure mitral regurgitation (MR) was found in 16% of patients. Mitral valve prolapse was the most common cause of MR in patients over 30 without aortic valve dysfunction, while rheumatic heart disease was more common when aortic valve disease was present.
    • Mitral annular calcification in individuals over 65 is often associated with atherosclerosis and may cause mild MR or MS.

    Conclusions:

    • Rheumatic heart disease is a primary cause of mitral stenosis.
    • Mitral valve prolapse is a significant cause of mitral regurgitation, particularly in older adults without coexisting aortic valve disease.
    • Mitral annular calcification in the elderly may represent a manifestation of atherosclerosis.

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