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Related Experiment Videos

Species differences in zearalenone-reductase activity.

Y Ueno, F Tashiro, T Kobayashi

    Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
    |April 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Zearalenone (ZEN) is metabolized to zearalenol (ZEL) in animal livers, with varying enzyme activity and metabolite forms across species. Alpha-ZEL, a potent estrogen, is a key metabolite, posing risks in livestock.

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    Area of Science:

    • Mycotoxicology
    • Biochemistry
    • Animal Metabolism

    Background:

    • Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species.
    • ZEN contamination in animal feed is a significant mycotoxicological concern.
    • Hepatic metabolism of ZEN influences its toxicity and potential residues in food products.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the hepatic metabolites of zearalenone (ZEN) in various animal species.
    • To characterize the activity and optimal conditions of ZEN reductase enzymes.
    • To determine the stereospecificity of ZEN reduction to zearalenol (ZEL) isomers.

    Main Methods:

    • Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) were employed.
    • Incubation of ZEN with liver S-9 fractions from different animal species (rats, mice, pigs, cows, rabbits, guinea-pigs, hamsters).

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  • Analysis of ZEN reduction to ZEL isomers using NADH or NADPH as cofactors at varying pH levels.

    • Main Results:

    • ZEN was reduced to zearalenol (ZEL) by hepatic S-9 fractions, with varying reductase activity across species.
    • Cows exhibited the highest NADH-dependent ZEN reductase activity, followed by mice, pigs, rats, rabbits, and guinea-pigs.
    • The stereospecificity of ZEL formation (alpha-ZEL vs. beta-ZEL) depended on the animal species, pH, and cofactor (NADH/NADPH).

    Conclusions:

    • Two types of ZEN reductase with different optimal pH profiles were identified.
    • The stereoselective reduction of ZEN is influenced by the S-9 fraction source and cofactors.
    • The formation of alpha-ZEL, which has higher estrogenic activity than ZEN, is a significant concern for food safety in livestock.