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Toxic shock syndrome: a review.

G P Wager

    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    |May 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a severe illness affecting menstruating women, often linked to tampon use. Staphylococcus aureus exotoxins are suspected causes, prompting a review of its epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an acute, multi-system illness.
    • It disproportionately affects menstruating women, with tampon use identified as a significant risk factor.
    • The exact pathogenesis of TSS is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical presentation of TSS.
    • To outline diagnostic criteria for toxic shock syndrome.
    • To provide recommendations for the treatment of TSS.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of existing studies on toxic shock syndrome.
    • Analysis of epidemiologic data related to TSS cases.
    • Synthesis of clinical findings and diagnostic approaches.
    Keywords:
    Dermatological EffectsDiseasesEquipment And SuppliesGastrointestinal EffectsIncidenceInfections--etiologyInfections--indicationsMeasurementPopulation At RiskPulmonary EffectsRenal EffectsResearch MethodologyTreatmentVaginal Tampon--complications

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    Main Results:

    • Staphylococcus aureus is frequently isolated from affected women, with staphylococcal exotoxins implicated as causative agents.
    • Key risk factors include menstruating status and tampon usage.
    • The review covers characteristic clinical findings and diagnostic standards.

    Conclusions:

    • Staphylococcal exotoxins are strongly suspected as the cause of TSS.
    • Understanding the epidemiology and clinical features is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.
    • Effective treatment strategies are essential for patient recovery.