Ocular toxocariasis: a review of the literature

Ocular toxocariasis is invasion of the eye by the larvae of the Toxocara canis worm. Since its initial description 31 years ago, many cases involving all segments of the eye have been reported. Most age groups have been affected, although it is generally a childhood disease. Its distribution is worldwide. Several tests have been devised for its detection, but only recently with a degree of success. Many treatments have been proposed, but more evaluation is necessary. This review correlates historical and present knowledge concerning Toxocara. The history, pathophysiology, immunopathology, distribution, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed.