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Progress in cancer management. Keynote address.

V T DeVita

    Cancer
    |June 15, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cancer treatment has evolved significantly, with radiotherapy and chemotherapy now saving thousands of lives annually. Future research focuses on overcoming treatment failures like local recurrences and distant micrometastases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Medical Physics
    • Cancer Therapeutics

    Background:

    • Cancer management historically relied on surgery, with limited cure rates around 30% before the mid-20th century.
    • The National Cancer Act facilitated training for a growing number of medical oncologists and radiologists.
    • Early radiotherapy and chemotherapy faced skepticism due to toxicity and limited efficacy.

    Observation:

    • Radiotherapy, particularly with cobalt units and linear accelerators since the 1950s, now cures an additional 90,000 patients yearly.
    • Chemotherapy, effective since the 1960s, cures approximately 11,000 patients annually as of 1970.
    • Combining surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy eradicates cancer in an estimated 46,000 patients per year.

    Findings:

    • Significant advancements in radiotherapy and chemotherapy have dramatically improved cancer cure rates since World War II.
    • The integration of multiple treatment modalities has led to substantial increases in patient survival.
    • Current treatment successes highlight the need to address persistent challenges in cancer management.

    Implications:

    • Future cancer treatment strategies must target local recurrences in radiotherapy patients and distant micrometastases in surgically or radiotherapeutically treated patients.
    • Continued research and development in oncological therapies hold promise for further reducing cancer mortality.
    • Addressing treatment failures is crucial for advancing the control and eradication of various cancer types.

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