Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 13, 2026

Generation of Recombinant Human IgG Monoclonal Antibodies from Immortalized Sorted B Cells
Published on: June 5, 2015
Internalized membrane immunoglobulin meets intracytoplasmic DR antigen in human B lymphoblastoid cells
Abstract:
The important role of type II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (Ia and DR) in the antigen presentation and in the antigen-specific cooperation between T and B cells is by now firmly established. Human B lymphoblastoid lines MWE and BL were stained with different fluoresceinated anti-DR antibodies. Not only surface but intracytoplasmic DR structures were brightly stained. The intracellular stain accumulated in a cluster close to the nucleus. Different specificity controls were performed. MWE and BL cells quickly internalize membrane IgM if cross-linked by corresponding antibodies. The intracellular location of the vesicles containing these complexes showed substantial coincidence with DR-positive structures in the paranuclear location. It is speculated that IgM-ligand complexes meet internal DR molecules and are both reexpressed on the plasma membrane to be recognized by primed T cells.
Related Concept Videos
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Development of Immunocompetence
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...

