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Transfusion malaria in the United States, 1972-1981
Annals of Internal Medicine
|August 1, 1983
Summary
Transfusion-induced malaria cases occurred from 1972-1981, with Plasmodium species causing illness. Stricter donor screening, especially for those from malarious regions, is recommended to prevent transfusion malaria.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Hematology
- Public Health
Background:
- Transfusion-transmitted malaria poses a significant public health risk.
- Previous studies highlighted the incidence of transfusion-induced malaria in the United States.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze transfusion-induced malaria cases reported in the US between 1972 and 1981.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of current blood donor screening practices.
- To propose improved donor selection criteria to mitigate malaria transmission risk.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of reported transfusion-induced malaria cases.
- Identification of causative Plasmodium species and patient outcomes.
- Assessment of blood donor history, including travel and country of origin.
Main Results:
- Twenty-six cases of transfusion-induced malaria were documented from 1972-1981.
- Plasmodium malariae, P. falciparum, P. vivax, and P. ovale were identified as causative agents.
- An estimated transfusion malaria rate of 0.25 cases per million donor units was calculated.
- A significant proportion of implicated donors had resided in or traveled to malarious areas, with many born in such countries.
Conclusions:
- Current blood donor screening may be insufficient to prevent transfusion-transmitted malaria.
- Stricter deferral criteria for donors with a history of residence or travel in endemic areas are warranted.
- Recommendations include a 3-year deferral for potential donors with unexplained febrile illness after malaria exposure.
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