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Mutagenicity screening with fungal systems.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|January 1, 1983

Summary

Fungal mutagenicity tests can detect aneuploidy, a genetic change missed by standard assays. Including these tests is crucial for identifying all potential mutagens, including tumor promoters.

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Area of Science:

Eukaryotic genetics
Mutagenicity screening
Toxicology

Background:

Fungal species like Aspergillus nidulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Neurospora crassa are used for mutagenicity screening.
These organisms possess eukaryotic features, including nuclear division, enabling detection of various genetic changes.
Current mutagenicity tests often miss agents that specifically induce aneuploidy.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of fungal test systems for detecting aneuploidy.
To emphasize that aneuploidy induction is a critical aspect of mutagenicity screening.
To advocate for the inclusion of aneuploidy tests in comprehensive mutagenicity batteries.

Main Methods:

Utilizing fungal models (Aspergillus nidulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa) for genetic analysis.
Investigating the induction of mitotic and meiotic chromosomal malsegregation.
Analyzing chemicals that specifically induce aneuploidy without other genetic alterations.

Main Results:

Identified chemicals that specifically induce aneuploidy, including tumor promoters and microtubule-interacting agents.
Demonstrated that these aneuploidy-inducing agents are often missed by standard mutagenicity tests.
Showcased the capability of fungal systems to detect both point mutations and chromosomal alterations.

Conclusions:

Fungal tests for aneuploidy induction are essential, not optional, for comprehensive mutagenicity assessment.
Agents inducing aneuploidy may not be detected by tests focusing solely on DNA-reactive mutagens.
Aneuploidy testing in fungi is mandatory for a complete mutagenicity test battery.

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