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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management
01:27

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Nifedipine in bronchial asthma.

D Patakas, E Vlachoianni, V Tsara

    The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
    |September 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nifedipine significantly improved large airway function in asthma patients, reducing overnight airway resistance. This study shows nifedipine effectively modifies bronchial tone and lessens daily airway resistance fluctuations.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Bronchial asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction.
    • Patients with asthma often experience diurnal variations in airway function, including overnight declines in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of nifedipine on large airway function and circadian variations in asthma patients.
    • To assess the bronchodilatory effects of a single dose and short-term treatment with nifedipine.

    Main Methods:

    • 11 patients with asthma and >15% overnight PEFR fall were enrolled.
    • A single dose of 10 mg nifedipine was administered, with PEFR, specific airway conductance (SGaw), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) measured.
    • A 4-day treatment of nifedipine (10 mg t.i.d.) was compared against a placebo in a crossover design.

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    Main Results:

    • A single 10 mg dose of nifedipine caused significant bronchodilation in large airways, increasing PEFR, SGaw, and FEV1 1-2 hours post-administration.
    • Over 4 days, nifedipine treatment significantly reduced the overnight fall in mean PEFR compared to placebo (p < 0.02).

    Conclusions:

    • Nifedipine effectively modifies basal bronchial tone in asthma patients.
    • Nifedipine diminishes the circadian swing in airway resistance, improving large airway function and reducing overnight PEFR decline.