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Hemolytic complement titers and complement C3 levels in endotoxin-induced mastitis.

R Mueller, E J Carroll, L Panico

    American Journal of Veterinary Research
    |August 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Bovine mastitis induced by Escherichia coli endotoxin temporarily increased complement C3 concentrations in whey. Complement activity in whey was detected only within the first 36 hours of infection.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary immunology
    • Bovine mastitis research
    • Complement system in animal health

    Background:

    • Bovine mastitis is a significant economic challenge in the dairy industry.
    • The complement system plays a crucial role in innate immunity against bacterial infections, including mastitis.
    • Understanding complement dynamics in milk during mastitis is vital for developing targeted treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the changes in hemolytic complement (C) activity and C3 concentrations in bovine whey following experimental Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis.
    • To determine the temporal relationship between endotoxin challenge and complement component levels in milk.

    Main Methods:

    • Acute mastitis was induced in cows by instilling Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide B into the lactiferous duct.

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  • Hemolytic complement activity and C3 concentrations were measured in blood serum and rennin-precipitated whey at various time points before and after induction.
  • Complement C3 concentrations were quantified using radial immunodiffusion.

    • Main Results:

    • Hemolytic complement activity was present in whey only during the initial 36 hours post-endotoxin instillation.
    • Whey C3 concentrations, normally 1-4% of serum levels, increased to 5-18% within 8 hours of mastitis induction.
    • By 72 hours after endotoxin administration, whey C3 levels returned to pre-induction baseline concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • Experimental Escherichia coli mastitis transiently alters complement component levels in bovine whey.
    • The presence of hemolytic complement activity and elevated C3 in whey during early mastitis suggests local activation of the complement cascade.
    • These findings highlight the dynamic role of the complement system in the bovine mammary gland's response to bacterial endotoxins.