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Nosocomial respiratory infections.

R E Dixon

    Infection Control : IC
    |September 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nosocomial respiratory infections are a significant hospital threat. Aspiration of oropharyngeal flora and intensive care unit (ICU) exposure are key risks, necessitating updated infection control strategies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Hospital Epidemiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Nosocomial respiratory tract infections (NRTIs) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in US hospitals.
    • Patients with severe underlying conditions and those receiving respiratory therapy face elevated risks.
    • Historically, contaminated respiratory devices were a major source, but improved management has reduced this risk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify current primary causes of bacterial respiratory infections in hospitals.
    • To highlight the importance of infection control in intensive care units (ICUs).
    • To emphasize the need for reevaluating traditional control methods due to evolving pathogens.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature and epidemiological data on NRTIs.
    • Analysis of risk factors including respiratory therapy and ICU exposure.
    • Assessment of the role of oropharyngeal flora and aspiration in infection transmission.

    Main Results:

    • Aspiration of oropharyngeal flora is now the leading cause of bacterial NRTIs.
    • Intensive care unit (ICU) exposure is a significant risk factor, with person-to-person spread implicated.
    • Emergence of new and uncommon pathogens necessitates reevaluation of existing control measures.

    Conclusions:

    • Altering oropharyngeal flora and reducing aspiration are critical for infection control.
    • Effective hospital infection control programs demonstrably reduce NRTI incidence.
    • Continuous reevaluation of control strategies is essential to address changing infectious threats.

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