Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2026

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
06:47

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment

Published on: September 27, 2017

Pharmacokinetics and antipruritic effects of hydroxyzine in children with atopic dermatitis

F E Simons, K J Simons, A B Becker

    The Journal of Pediatrics
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed

    Insights

    Hydroxyzine hydrochloride effectively reduces itching in children with severe atopic dermatitis. Lower doses provide comparable relief to higher doses with less sedation.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Dermatology
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Severe atopic dermatitis significantly impacts children's quality of life.
    • Effective management of pruritus in pediatric atopic dermatitis is crucial.
    • Hydroxyzine hydrochloride is a potential therapeutic agent for pruritus.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of hydroxyzine hydrochloride in children with severe atopic dermatitis.
    • To assess the antipruritic efficacy and safety of hydroxyzine hydrochloride.
    • To compare different dosing regimens of hydroxyzine hydrochloride.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-dose pharmacokinetic study in 12 children (mean age 6.1 years).
    • Administration of 0.7 mg/kg oral hydroxyzine hydrochloride.
    • Double-blind, crossover, multiple-dose study comparing 0.7 mg/kg and 1.4 mg/kg three times daily.

    Main Results:

    • Mean peak serum concentration: 47.4 ng/ml at 2.0 hours.
    • Mean elimination half-life: 7.1 hours, increasing with age.
    • Significant pruritus suppression (85% from 2-12 hours); sedation was the main adverse effect.
    • Both 0.7 mg/kg and 1.4 mg/kg tid doses were effective; 0.7 mg/kg tid caused less sedation.

    Conclusions:

    • Hydroxyzine hydrochloride exhibits predictable pharmacokinetics in children with severe atopic dermatitis.
    • A dose of 0.7 mg/kg three times daily is effective for managing pruritus and skin lesions with reduced sedation.
    • Hydroxyzine hydrochloride is a viable treatment option for severe pediatric atopic dermatitis, with dose optimization for safety.

    More Related Videos

    Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors04:59

    Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors

    Published on: September 27, 2019

    Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach09:32

    Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach

    Published on: September 26, 2019

    Related Concept Videos

    Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines01:15

    Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines

    Antihistamines are a class of drugs widely used to alleviate the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. They work by inhibiting the actions of histamine, which is released by immune cells in response to allergenic substances or tissue injuries.
    Histamine binds to specific receptor sites, known as H1 receptors, on tissue cells, triggering inflammation and swelling. Antihistamines combat these effects by competing with histamine for these receptor sites. By...
    Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

    Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

    Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
    Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

    Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

    Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
    Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

    Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

    Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
    Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

    Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

    In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
    Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

    Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

    In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...