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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Depressants01:28

Depressants

Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV01:26

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice
07:31

Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice

Published on: January 7, 2019

Alcoholism.

L J West, D S Maxwell, E P Noble

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |March 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Alcoholism is a major US health issue, impacting millions and causing numerous deaths annually. Effective treatment, including total abstinence, is crucial for managing this widespread public health concern.

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    Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice
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    Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
    05:12

    Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

    Published on: June 23, 2023

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Medical Research
    • Addiction Medicine

    Background:

    • Alcoholism ranks as the third leading health problem in the United States, following heart disease and cancer.
    • It affects 10 million individuals, incurs $60 billion in costs, and is linked to 200,000 deaths each year.
    • Alcohol consumption is a significant factor in motor vehicle accidents, fires, homicides, and suicides.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the extensive public health impact of alcoholism in the US.
    • To discuss the diverse health consequences associated with alcohol abuse.
    • To emphasize the challenges in diagnosing and treating alcoholism, particularly in the elderly.

    Main Methods:

    • This abstract synthesizes existing data on alcoholism prevalence, mortality, and associated health risks.
    • It reviews the impact of alcohol on various physiological systems and specific conditions like fetal alcohol syndrome.
    • The abstract also considers the unique challenges of alcoholism in the elderly population.

    Main Results:

    • Alcoholism contributes to significant morbidity across multiple organ systems, including endocrine, cardiovascular, and nervous systems.
    • Fetal alcohol syndrome and mental retardation are severe outcomes for infants born to mothers with high daily ethanol intake during pregnancy.
    • Elderly individuals are particularly vulnerable to alcohol's harmful effects due to physiological changes and increased tissue sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • Alcoholism poses a substantial and multifaceted threat to public health in the United States.
    • Misdiagnosis and mismanagement by healthcare professionals are common issues in the treatment of alcoholism.
    • Total abstinence from alcohol is presented as the primary and most effective treatment goal for individuals with alcoholism.