Exposure of E. coli to nitrosocimetidine induces the adaptive response to alkylating agents

The cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of nitrosocimetidine (NC), together with its ability to induce the adaptive response DNA-repair pathway were compared with those of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) using Escherichia coli as test organism. MNNG was found to be 250-fold more cytotoxic and 500-fold more mutagenic than NC. Prior cultivation of E. coli in low concentrations of NC protected it against the cytotoxic and/or mutagenic effects of challenge with either NC or MNNG or methyl methanesulphonate (MMS). Induction of the adaptive response by prior cultivation in low concentrations of MNNG reduced the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of subsequent NC challenge. These results lead us to conclude that although NC is a less potent mutagen than MNNG, the DNA lesions it produces are capable of not only inducing, but also of being repaired by, the adaptive response.