Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 19, 2026

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast
Published on: January 8, 2015
[Hormone receptors and breast cancer prognosis]
Abstract:
Estradiol and progesterone assays in breast cancer have been developed for ten years and their clinical significance investigated in primary and metastatic tumors. The presence of estradiol and/or progesterone receptor is not related to the extension of the disease, the age of the patient or hormonal status. It seems to be related to the grade of histological differentiation. 1) Clear relationship exists between the presence of estradiol receptor and hormone dependency. 2) Estrogen receptor positive tumors demonstrate a more favorable outcome than the estrogen receptor negative one. According to recent data the presence of progesterone receptor is a better criteria than ER for long term pronostic.
Related Concept Videos
Endocrine Signaling
Intracellular Hormone Receptors
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Target Cell Response to Hormones
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...

