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[Immunomodulation using an epidermal cytokine (ETAF)].

T A Luger, G Niebauer

    Zeitschrift Fur Hautkrankheiten
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Skin cells called keratinocytes produce epidermal cell derived thymocyte activating factor (ETAF), a cytokine that activates immune cells. ETAF is identical to Interleukin 1 (IL 1) and may play a role in skin inflammation and diseases.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Keratinocytes, the primary cells of the epidermis, secrete a cytokine known as epidermal cell derived thymocyte activating factor (ETAF).
    • ETAF augments lymphoproliferative responses and its production increases following exposure to various damaging agents.
    • Biochemical analysis reveals ETAF as a stable, low molecular weight protein active at very low concentrations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the biological properties and significance of ETAF produced by keratinocytes.
    • To determine the identity and role of ETAF in immune system activation and skin pathogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Culturing murine and human keratinocytes and transformed cell lines.
    • Stimulating keratinocytes with various agents (silica, endotoxin, UV irradiation, etc.).

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  • Biochemical characterization of ETAF and assessment of its biological activities in vitro and in vivo.

    • Main Results:

    • Keratinocytes produce ETAF, which stimulates T-lymphocytes and enhances lymphokine production (e.g., Interleukin 2).
    • ETAF exhibits antigen non-specific immune stimulation, chemotaxis for immune cells, and direct mitogenicity for fibroblasts.
    • ETAF shares biochemical and biological properties with macrophage-derived Interleukin 1 (IL 1), suggesting their identity.

    Conclusions:

    • Keratinocyte-derived ETAF is functionally identical to Interleukin 1 (IL 1).
    • The production of IL 1-like molecules is not restricted to immune cells.
    • ETAF production by keratinocytes has significant implications for inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases.