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Clostridium difficile colitis.

Y M Trnka, J T Lamont

    Advances in Internal Medicine
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Antibiotic therapy can lead to Clostridium difficile infection, causing diarrhea and colitis. Oral vancomycin, metronidazole, or bacitracin are effective treatments for this common intestinal pathogen.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Clostridium difficile is a frequent cause of lower intestinal tract infections.
    • Infection typically occurs during or after antibiotic treatment, suggesting disruption of normal gut flora.
    • C. difficile toxins cause significant colonic tissue damage, leading to diarrhea and colitis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of Clostridium difficile infections.
    • To discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
    • To highlight remaining questions regarding immunity, vaccines, and the gut microbiome's role.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on Clostridium difficile.
    • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic findings, including cytotoxin assays.

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  • Evaluation of therapeutic options, focusing on oral antibiotics.

    • Main Results:

    • Clostridium difficile infection ranges from mild diarrhea to severe colitis.
    • Cytotoxin is present in most pseudomembranous colitis cases and a subset of less severe infections.
    • Oral vancomycin, metronidazole, and bacitracin are effective treatments, with metronidazole and bacitracin being more cost-effective.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the immune response and potential for vaccines against C. difficile remains limited.
    • The interaction between antibiotics, the colonic flora, and C. difficile colonization requires further investigation.
    • Continued research on C. difficile will enhance our knowledge of the complex gastrointestinal microbiome.