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Summary
This review compares retroviral oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and cellular transforming genes, focusing on the ras gene family. It details proto-oncogene activation mechanisms and their role in multi-step carcinogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
- Genetics
Background:
- Human oncogenes are critical in cancer development.
- Understanding oncogene activation is key to cancer research.
- The ras gene family is frequently implicated in human cancers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and compare different types of oncogenes.
- To detail the ras gene family's role in transformation.
- To summarize proto-oncogene activation and their role in carcinogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of oncogene research up to 1983.
- Comparative analysis of retroviral, proto-, and cellular transforming genes.
- Detailed examination of the ras gene family.
Main Results:
- Comparison of retroviral oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and cellular transforming genes.
- Detailed description of transforming genes from the ras family.
- Summary of proto-oncogene activation mechanisms.
Conclusions:
- Cellular transforming genes, particularly ras, play a significant role in cancer.
- Proto-oncogene activation is a key step in carcinogenesis.
- Carcinogenesis involves the concerted or sequential action of cellular transforming genes.