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Abstract:
Treatment of nasal carriers of coagulase-positive staphylococci with a wide variety of topical systemic antibiotics suppressed these organisms only during treatment. Treatment of methicillin-sensitive or methicillin-resistant staphylococci with oral rifampin plus cloxacillin, vancomycin, fusidic acid, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole eradicated the colonizing Staphylococcus aureus in approximately 80 percent of studies. An alternative approach is replacement of virulent S.aureus with the 502 A S. aureus strain. The latter approach has aborted epidemics of staphylococcal diseases in newborn nurseries and has prevented recurrent furunculosis.
Insights
Antibiotic treatment for Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers is often temporary. However, specific oral antibiotics like rifampin combined with other drugs show high eradication rates, and a non-virulent strain can also prevent infections.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is a significant risk factor for various infections.
- Topical and systemic antibiotics often fail to achieve long-term eradication of nasal Staphylococcus aureus.
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a particular challenge in healthcare settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of different antibiotic regimens for eradicating nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriers.
- To explore alternative strategies for controlling Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection.
Main Methods:
- Review of studies on topical and systemic antibiotic treatments for nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriers.
- Analysis of treatment outcomes for oral antibiotics such as rifampin combined with cloxacillin, vancomycin, fusidic acid, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
- Investigation of the use of the non-virulent Staphylococcus aureus strain 502 A as a decolonizing agent.
Main Results:
- Topical and systemic antibiotics provided only temporary suppression of coagulase-positive staphylococci.
- Oral antibiotic combinations, particularly rifampin plus cloxacillin, vancomycin, fusidic acid, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, eradicated colonizing Staphylococcus aureus in approximately 80% of studies.
- The 502 A Staphylococcus aureus strain successfully prevented staphylococcal disease epidemics in newborn nurseries and recurrent furunculosis.
Conclusions:
- Standard antibiotic treatments are generally ineffective for long-term eradication of nasal Staphylococcus aureus.
- Specific oral antibiotic combinations demonstrate high efficacy in eradicating Staphylococcus aureus colonization.
- Probiotic approaches using non-virulent strains like 502 A offer a promising alternative for preventing staphylococcal infections and controlling outbreaks.