Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2026

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
09:58

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Published on: May 22, 2016

Stereochemical course of thiophosphoryl group transfer catalyzed by mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

K F Sheu, H T Ho, L D Nolan

    Biochemistry
    |April 10, 1984
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method05:51

    Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

    Published on: July 19, 2019

    Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides13:19

    Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

    Published on: June 2, 2022

    Related Concept Videos

    Phosphorylation01:02

    Phosphorylation

    The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
    During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
    Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

    Pyruvate Oxidation

    After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
    First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
    ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

    ATP Energy Storage and Release

    ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
    One example of energy coupling using ATP involves a...
    Glycolysis: Pay-off Phase01:25

    Glycolysis: Pay-off Phase

    So far, glycolysis has cost the cell two ATP molecules and produced two small, three-carbon sugar molecules. These molecules will proceed through the second half of the pathway, and sufficient energy will be extracted to pay back the two ATP molecules used as an initial investment and produce a profit for the cell of two additional ATP molecules and two even higher-energy NADH molecules.
    Step 1 - 5: Glycolysis Preparatory Phase
    The first phase of glycolysis has 5 steps where the glucose is...
    Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

    Electron Transport Chain Components

    The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
    Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis01:22

    Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis

    The electron transport chain is a critical component of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It facilitates the transfer of high-energy electrons from reduced cofactors NADH and FADH₂ to molecular oxygen, the final electron acceptor. This transfer of electrons through a series of protein complexes is tightly coupled to the translocation of protons across the membrane, generating a proton gradient essential for ATP synthesis.Electron Flow and Proton...