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Vascular control in the colon and rectum.

P O Andersson

    Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    The colon

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    Area of Science:

    • Gastrointestinal Physiology
    • Vascular Regulation
    • Neurogastroenterology

    Background:

    • Intestinal blood flow regulation differs between small and large intestines.
    • Colonic autoregulation is less robust than in other gut regions, varying with blood pressure.
    • Autoregulation can be enhanced by increasing tissue metabolic demand.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the autoregulation and functional vasodilation mechanisms in the large intestine.
    • To explore the role of neural control, particularly in the distal colon and rectum.
    • To identify potential neurotransmitters involved in colonic vasodilation.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of blood flow distribution and autoregulation in the large intestine.
    • Investigation of functional vasodilation triggered by nutrients and mechanical stimulation.
    • Examination of neural control pathways, including sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation.
    • Assessment of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in mediating rectal vasodilation.

    Main Results:

    • Colonic autoregulation is pressure-dependent but improvable with increased metabolic demand.
    • Functional vasodilation occurs in response to nutrients (e.g., volatile fatty acids) and mechanical stimuli.
    • Sympathetic activation constricts colonic vessels, redirecting blood during stress.
    • Parasympathetic pelvic nerve stimulation causes significant, non-cholinergic vasodilation in the rectum, mediated by VIP.

    Conclusions:

    • The large intestine exhibits distinct mechanisms for blood flow regulation compared to the small intestine.
    • Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is identified as a key neurotransmitter for non-cholinergic vasodilation in the distal colon and rectum.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing gastrointestinal circulation and function.

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