Immune response and non-specific immunotherapy in melanoma

Tumour-associated antigens and specific immune response to these antigens have been clearly demonstrated in patients with melanoma. Impaired cellular immune reactions are evident in patients with progressive and disseminated disease. Immunotherapy is used to heighten the host resistance and hence prevent recurrence and spread of the tumour. BCG vaccine has been used to produce nonspecific stimulation of the immune system. Preliminary evaluation of the effect of adjuvant systemic BCG therapy suggests that the treatment may have a beneficial effect on patients with early melanoma.