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Ceftazidime concentrations in human aqueous humor.
Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
|June 1, 1984
Summary
Ceftazidime administered before cataract surgery achieved high aqueous humor concentrations, exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for common bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pharmacology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Cataract surgery poses a risk of postoperative ocular infections.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis is crucial to prevent bacterial endophthalmitis.
- Ceftazidime is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the concentration of ceftazidime in the aqueous humor following preoperative administration.
- To assess whether achieved concentrations are sufficient to inhibit common ocular pathogens.
Main Methods:
- Twenty-five patients undergoing cataract surgery received two grams of ceftazidime preoperatively.
- Aqueous humor samples were collected at various time points (30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours) post-administration.
- Drug concentrations were quantified and compared to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) of relevant bacteria.
Main Results:
- Mean aqueous humor concentrations ranged from 1.94 to 3.39 micrograms/mL between 30 minutes and 6 hours post-administration.
- Achieved concentrations were significantly higher than the MIC90 for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Proteus mirabilis, and indole-positive Proteus sp.
- Peak aqueous humor levels met or exceeded the MIC90 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Conclusions:
- Preoperative administration of two grams of ceftazidime results in substantial intraocular concentrations.
- These concentrations provide adequate therapeutic levels against a wide range of potential bacterial pathogens implicated in postoperative endophthalmitis.