Traumatic injuries of the inferior vena cava

Three hundred and one patients with injury to the inferior vena cava have been treated over the past 30 years. Penetrating injuries predominated, with gunshot injury in 228 patients. The inferior vena cava was injured above the renal veins in 84 patients. One hundred and forty-eight patients had shock, 55 without palpable pulse or blood pressure. Vascular repair was accomplished in 234 patients. Ligation or packing was performed in 32 patients. Thirty-five patients died prior to vascular control or repair. Placement of intravascular shunts or occluding balloons was utilized in 25 patients. Mortality has decreased from a high of 100% in 1955 to 30% during the last six years of this experience. Reduction in mortality probably has resulted from shortened wounding to therapy intervals with more effective resuscitation and vascular control.