Monensin toxicity in cattle.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Toxicology
• Animal Science
• Ruminant Nutrition

Background:

• Monensin is a widely used feed additive in cattle production.
• Understanding its toxicity and safety profile is crucial for optimal animal husbandry.
• Previous studies have indicated potential risks associated with high monensin concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively evaluate the toxicity and safety of monensin in cattle.
• To identify the conditions and concentrations that pose the greatest risk of intoxication.
• To assess the impact of monensin on cattle reproduction and long-term health.

Main Methods:

• Acute toxicity was assessed via single and 7-day oral gavage.
• Feeding experiments utilized high concentrations of monensin in feed.
• Chronic studies included feedlot, pasture supplement, and reproduction trials.

Main Results:

• Sublethal monensin doses caused temporary anorexia, with subsequent recovery of feed intake and growth.
• High concentrations in feed led to mild intoxication signs and, in extreme cases, mortality.
• No detrimental effects on reproduction were observed in chronic studies.
• The highest risk of intoxication was identified during the initial introduction of monensin-containing feed.

Conclusions:

• Monensin toxicity in cattle is concentration-dependent and most critical during initial feed intake.
• Careful feed mixing and adherence to recommended usage are essential to prevent mortality.
• Monensin demonstrates a favorable safety profile regarding reproduction in cattle.