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Anaphylaxis due to chloramphenicol.

B A Palchick, E A Funk, J E McEntire

    The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
    |July 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Anaphylaxis is a rare but serious allergic reaction that can occur after receiving chloramphenicol, particularly in patients with a history of penicillin allergy. This case highlights the importance of physician awareness regarding this potential complication.

    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Medicine
    • Pharmacology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Group B Streptococcal meningitis is a serious infection requiring prompt antibiotic treatment.
    • Penicillin allergy is a common concern in managing bacterial meningitis.
    • Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in specific clinical scenarios.

    Observation:

    • A patient with known penicillin allergy developed severe anaphylaxis after intravenous chloramphenicol administration for meningitis.
    • The administered chloramphenicol was confirmed to be pure via reverse-phase high-speed liquid chromatography, ruling out infusate contamination.

    Findings:

    • Anaphylactic reactions to chloramphenicol, though infrequent, represent a significant adverse event.
    • Prior exposure to chloramphenicol may increase the risk of anaphylaxis in susceptible individuals.

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    Implications:

    • Clinicians must consider the possibility of anaphylaxis when prescribing chloramphenicol, especially in patients with a history of allergies.
    • This case underscores the need for vigilance regarding rare but severe drug reactions in clinical practice.
    • Further investigation into the immunological mechanisms underlying chloramphenicol-induced anaphylaxis may be warranted.