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The aster yellows controversy: current status.

R C Sinha

    The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
    |September 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Aster yellows (AY) is not caused by Spiroplasma citri. While some studies suggested a spiroplasma link, significant differences in host behavior and lack of helical organisms in plants refute this claim.

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    Area of Science:

    • Plant Pathology
    • Microbiology
    • Entomology

    Background:

    • Aster yellows (AY) is a significant plant disease affecting various crops.
    • The potential etiological agent of AY has been debated, with spiroplasmas being investigated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To critically evaluate the evidence for and against a spiroplasmal cause of aster yellows (AY).
    • To determine if Spiroplasma citri is the causative agent of AY disease.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on spiroplasma isolation from AY-infected plants.
    • Analysis of experimental data on the infectivity and behavior of Spiroplasma citri and the AY agent in plants and leafhoppers (Macrosteles fascifrons).
    • Examination of electron microscopy (scanning and immunosorbent) and serological data comparing S. citri with AY agents.

    Main Results:

    • Some studies reported cultivation of a spiroplasma, serologically identical to S. citri, from AY-affected lettuce.
    • Experimental infections showed S. citri could be transmitted by M. fascifrons to healthy plants.
    • Significant differences were observed in the behavior of S. citri and the AY agent in both leafhoppers and plants.
    • Helical organisms were not detected in AY-infected plants via electron microscopy.
    • S. citri was found to be serologically unrelated to the mycoplasma-like organisms associated with AY.

    Conclusions:

    • The evidence strongly suggests that the classical aster yellows disease is not caused by a variant of Spiroplasma citri.
    • Further research is needed to definitively identify the etiological agent of AY.
    • The distinct biological and serological characteristics differentiate S. citri from the AY pathogen.

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