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Related Experiment Videos

Spiroplasmas in leafhoppers: a review.

P G Markham

    The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
    |September 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review details how plant pathogenic spiroplasma and mycoplasma travel through leafhopper vectors. Environmental factors and insect feeding behavior significantly influence pathogen multiplication and transmission.

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    Area of Science:

    • Plant pathology
    • Entomology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Plant pathogenic bacteria, including spiroplasmas and mycoplasmas, rely on insect vectors for transmission.
    • Leafhoppers are common vectors for various plant pathogens, impacting agricultural productivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the pathway and dynamics of spiroplasma and mycoplasma within leafhopper vectors.
    • To identify factors influencing pathogen acquisition, multiplication, and transmission by leafhoppers.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on spiroplasma and mycoplasma interactions with leafhopper vectors.
    • Analysis of data on Spiroplasma citri and corn stunt spiroplasma infection dynamics.
    • Discussion of experimental methods including feeding, injection, and membrane feeding.

    Main Results:

    • Pathogen acquisition and multiplication are influenced by inoculum dose and environmental conditions.
    • Organism titers within the insect and salivary glands vary.
    • Environmental stressors like poor nutrition or high temperatures can disrupt the host-pathogen balance.

    Conclusions:

    • Leafhopper vectors act as chemostats, with their internal environment affecting pathogen dynamics.
    • Transmission efficiency is linked to insect feeding behavior and the quantity of pathogens ejected.

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