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Hyperglycaemia in infantile gastroenteritis.

L Rabinowitz, B I Joffe, C Abkiewicz

    Archives of Disease in Childhood
    |August 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar) affected 55% of black infants hospitalized for gastroenteritis. Intravenous rehydration, not insulin, normalized blood glucose and stress hormone levels within 48 hours.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Gastroenteritis is a common cause of hospitalization in infants.
    • Hyperglycaemia can occur in infants with severe illness.
    • The underlying mechanisms of hyperglycaemia in this context are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence and pathogenesis of hyperglycaemia in black infants with gastroenteritis.
    • To identify potential contributing factors to hyperglycaemia in these patients.

    Main Methods:

    • A consecutive series of 27 black infants admitted with gastroenteritis were studied.
    • Plasma glucose and stress hormone concentrations were measured.
    • Hypokalaemia and insulin resistance were assessed.

    Main Results:

    • Hyperglycaemia (plasma glucose > 10 mmol/l) was observed in 15 (55%) of the infants.
    • Possible contributing factors included elevated stress hormones (glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol), hypokalaemia, and insulin resistance.
    • Intravenous rehydration alone corrected hyperglycaemia and normalized hormone levels within 36–48 hours.

    Conclusions:

    • Hyperglycaemia is common in black infants hospitalized with gastroenteritis.
    • Stress hormones, hypokalaemia, and insulin resistance may play a role in its pathogenesis.
    • Intravenous rehydration is an effective treatment for correcting hyperglycaemia in this population.

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