Pressure and volume measurements from the eye for detecting possible arterial obstruction

Detection and evaluation of functionally significant carotid occlusive disease are effectively achieved by noninvasive pressure and/or volume measurements from the eye. Ocular arterial blood pressure is measured by applying either direct compression or suction to evaluate intraocular pressure to the point of arterial collapse. Carotid blood flow is evaluated as it affects ocular volume waveforms, which result from the difference between pulsatile arterial flow and relatively constant venous flow. The relationship between noninvasive measurements from the eyes and carotid blood flow can be predicted using simple models of the cervical-cerebral circulatory system. Proper models verify clinically observed correlations between pressure and volume measurements from the eye and the underlying carotid occlusive disease. Electrical analog circuits provide a method for varying model parameters to simulate abnormalities, producing waveforms with good similarity to waveforms recorded from patients with known vascular or ophthalmic pathology. Further model refinements can be contributed by interested investigators. By using the improved models the strengths and weaknesses of current tests and techniques can then be better defined. Techniques that have been widely used for screening and evaluating potential stroke patients can thereby be modified to give improved functional analysis of these patients.