[Diet in diabetes and obesity]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Metabolic Disorders
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Obesity is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• A high percentage of individuals with diabetes are overweight, and obesity increases diabetes incidence tenfold.
• Pathogenesis involves increased insulin secretion and reduced insulin receptor concentration, impairing glucose tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the interrelations between obesity and diabetes mellitus.
• To outline the dietetic treatment goals for type 2 diabetes combined with obesity.
• To recommend specific dietary modifications for managing these conditions.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on obesity and diabetes interrelations.
• Analysis of etiological factors including insulin secretion and receptor concentration.
• Prescription of a specific dietetic regimen for treatment.

Main Results:

• 80-90% of diabetics are overweight, and obesity increases diabetes risk significantly.
• Dietary intervention focuses on achieving normal body weight.
• Recommended diet: 20 kcal/kg, 55% carbohydrates (polysaccharides, high fiber), 25-35% lipids, with a 1:1 unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of type 2 diabetes with obesity requires achieving normal body weight.
• Dietary adjustments, including increased complex carbohydrates and reduced lipids, are crucial.
• Understanding the interplay between obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose metabolism is key for treatment.