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Selective survival, aging and society.

K S Markides, R Machalek

    Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
    |October 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Selective survival explains why some disadvantaged groups, like Black Americans, have lower mortality rates after age 75. This suggests chronological age isn't always the best measure of aging.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Sociology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • The black/white mortality crossover phenomenon in the US, where Black mortality rates fall below White rates after age 75.
    • Similar mortality reversals observed between Native Americans and Whites, indicating a pattern across disadvantaged groups.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Introduce and discuss the concept of selective survival to advanced ages.
    • Examine the implications of selective survival for understanding aging patterns across different populations.
    • Challenge the sole reliance on chronological age as a measure of aging.

    Main Methods:

    • Conceptual analysis of mortality data and demographic trends.
    • Discussion of the selective survival hypothesis in relation to observed mortality crossovers.
    • Exploration of the characteristics of survivors in high-mortality populations.

    Main Results:

    • Higher rates of selective survival in disadvantaged populations lead to a greater proportion of healthy, very old individuals.
    • These survivors may exhibit lower nursing-home care needs, reduced suicide rates, and higher social status.
    • Mortality crossovers suggest that aging is influenced by factors beyond chronological age.

    Conclusions:

    • Selective survival is a key factor in explaining differential aging patterns and mortality crossovers.
    • Chronological age alone is insufficient for measuring aging and old age across diverse populations.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand selective survival and its impact on the aging process.

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