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Cell-mediated immunity in nutritional deficiency.

D N McMurray

    Progress in Food & Nutrition Science
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nutrient deficiencies significantly impair cell-mediated immunity, affecting T lymphocyte development and function. This impacts immune responses and potentially infectious disease resistance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Nutrition Science
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Dietary deficiencies profoundly impact cell-mediated immune responses in humans and animals.
    • Both moderate and severe nutrient deficits lead to significant alterations in immunocompetence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of specific nutrient deficiencies on various aspects of cell-mediated immunity.
    • To understand the consequences of nutritional deprivation on T lymphocyte differentiation, function, and overall immune response.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of studies examining the effects of deficiencies in protein, calories, vitamins A, C, E, pyridoxine, biotin, zinc, iron, and copper on immune parameters.
    • Analysis of thymic cellularity, T lymphocyte counts (T3, T4 subsets), cutaneous hypersensitivity, allograft rejection, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, and natural killer (NK) cell function.

    Main Results:

    • Deficiencies in protein, calories, vitamin A, pyridoxine, biotin, and zinc reduce thymic cellularity and T lymphocyte differentiation.
    • Reduced T cell numbers and function observed in deficiencies of iron, zinc, copper, and vitamins A and E.
    • Impaired CTL activity in zinc, iron, and copper deficiencies; variable NK cell function; and normal to enhanced macrophage activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Nutritional deficiencies significantly compromise cell-mediated immunity, particularly T cell maturation and function.
    • The impact on infectious disease resistance is complex and depends on the pathogen and host immune mechanisms.

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