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Vector control operations in the African context.

A R Zahar

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Vector control in Africa faces challenges. Residual house spraying shows limited success against malaria transmission due to resistance, but integrated methods require further assessment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Entomology
    • Public Health
    • Tropical Medicine

    Background:

    • Malaria remains a significant public health issue in the WHO African Region, necessitating effective vector control strategies.
    • Previous malaria control efforts have relied on various methods, including residual house spraying and mass drug administration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent experiences with diverse vector control methods in the WHO African Region.
    • To define the scope and limitations of current vector control approaches for malaria elimination.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature and case studies on vector control interventions in Africa.
    • Analysis of the efficacy and challenges associated with residual house spraying, larval control, space spraying, and biological control.
    • Examination of self-help methods for reducing human-vector contact.

    Main Results:

    • Residual house spraying, alone or with mass drug administration, has not consistently interrupted malaria transmission in savanna areas due to technical and administrative issues.
    • Insecticide resistance (DDT, dieldrin/HCH, malathion) in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Sudan poses a significant threat to the long-term utility of residual house spraying.
    • While residual house spraying has shown some benefits in general health improvement, its role is best suited for reducing prevalence until integrated control is feasible.

    Conclusions:

    • Residual house spraying should be used judiciously to lower malaria prevalence, not as a sole long-term solution, especially given insecticide resistance.
    • Larval control, space spraying, biological control, and self-help methods require more rigorous assessment and development for African contexts.
    • Further applied field research is crucial to develop and implement effective integrated vector control strategies for sustainable malaria control.

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