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Acute amino acid nephrotoxicity.

R A Zager, G Johannes, S E Tuttle

    The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Amino acid infusions can harm kidney function, reducing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and potentially causing tubular injury. This nephrotoxicity is linked to the amino acid structure, not just its charge.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Biochemistry
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Clinical and experimental data suggest certain amino acids (AAs) can negatively impact renal function.
    • The specific molecular mechanisms underlying this amino acid-induced nephrotoxicity require further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To define the scope and molecular basis of amino acid (AA)-induced nephrotoxicity.
    • To investigate the effects of different amino acid types (cationic, anionic, neutral) on renal function in rats.

    Main Methods:

    • Sprague-Dawley rats underwent solute diuresis and received 80-minute infusions of cationic, anionic, or neutral amino acids, or control solutions (urea, dextrose).
    • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured before, during, and after infusions.
    • Albumin excretion rates were determined using radioimmunoassay, and kidney histology was examined.

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    Main Results:

    • All amino acid infusions significantly reduced GFR compared to controls.
    • Cationic amino acids uniquely increased albumin excretion.
    • Histological examination revealed mild tubular injury in amino acid-infused rats.

    Conclusions:

    • Amino acids possess a common nephrotoxic potential, partly due to their nonvariable structure.
    • The variable (R) groups of amino acids can enhance GFR reduction, but charge is not the primary factor.
    • Amino acid-induced GFR reduction and increased albumin excretion occur through independent mechanisms, warranting consideration in patients with acute renal failure (ARF).