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Homology between coding and noncoding sequences within the human class I HLA antigen gene.

S Ohno

    Clinical Genetics
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    The study reveals that both coding and noncoding segments of ancestral class I MHC genes evolved from a single 45-base primordial building block, supporting a gene duplication model for MHC evolution.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Immunogenetics

    Background:

    • Previous research identified recurring base oligomers in mouse class I MHC antigen H-2Kb coding sequences.
    • These findings suggested that ancestral class I MHC coding sequences evolved from tandem repeats of a 45-base primordial building block.
    • The role of noncoding segments in this evolutionary model required clarification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether noncoding segments of class I MHC genes also originated from the proposed primordial building block.
    • To determine if the entire ancestral class I MHC gene, including noncoding regions, evolved from tandem repeats of this building block.
    • To explore the implications of this concept for the mechanism of evolution by gene duplication.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of recurring base oligomers within selected coding and noncoding segments of the human pHLA 12.4 germline gene.
    • Comparison of oligomers found in both coding and noncoding regions to identify shared sequences.
    • Examination of the origin of these shared oligomers in relation to the 45-base primordial building block.

    Main Results:

    • A significant number of recurring base oligomers (1 nonomer, 3 octamers, 6 heptamers, 5 hexamers) were found in both coding and noncoding segments analyzed.
    • All identified oligomers were derived from different parts of the same 45-base primordial building block.
    • This indicates that both coding and noncoding segments share a common evolutionary origin.

    Conclusions:

    • The entire ancestral gene for class I MHC antigens, encompassing both coding and noncoding segments, evolved from tandem repeats of the 45-base-long primordial building block.
    • This finding supports a unified model for the evolution of class I MHC genes.
    • The concept of the primordial building block provides a new perspective on evolution by gene duplication in MHC antigen genes.

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