Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Biochemical Reconstitution of Steroid Receptor•Hsp90 Protein Complexes and Reactivation of Ligand Binding
Published on: September 21, 2011
Modified steroid hormones. 7. 4-Fluoro-17 beta-estradiol: carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, crystal and molecular
Abstract:
The 4-fluoro analogue of 17 beta-estradiol was investigated for estrogenic action in rats by determination of uterine hyperemia and [3H]uridine incorporation and was found to be an active estrogen. Antitumor activity of this analogue was demonstrated against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Its 13C NMR spectrum was determined, and all signals were assigned. A detailed X-ray diffraction investigation of 4-fluoro-17 beta-estradiol was carried out, and it crystallized in triclinic space group P1 with two steroids and one methanol in a unit cell of a = 7.367 (1), b = 9.363 (6), c = 12.531 (1) A, alpha = 89.31 (3), beta = 93.38 (1), gamma = 109.62 (3) degrees, V = 812.8 A3, and Z = 2. The structure was solved and refined to an R index of 0.062 using 3045 reflections measured on an automated diffractometer. The oxygen atoms at C(3) and C(17) at either ends link the molecules together in a head to tail fashion. The hydroxy groups of the solvent molecules also take part in linking the molecules sideways through the hydroxy groups.
Related Concept Videos
Intracellular Hormone Receptors
Types of Hormones
Internal Receptors
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Types of Hormones
Steroids and eicosanoids fall under the category of lipid-soluble hormones. Steroids are derived from cholesterol and feature four interconnected carbon rings with variable side chains. Notable examples include estradiol from ovaries and testosterone from testes, exemplifying the critical roles of these lipid-soluble hormones in reproductive physiology. Eicosanoids, derived...
Major Hormones and Their Functions
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.

