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Dextroamphetamine with morphine: respiratory effects.

D L Bourke, P D Allen, M Rosenberg

    Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Dextroamphetamine partially counteracts morphine-induced respiratory depression, especially at lower morphine doses. Higher morphine doses reduced this antagonistic effect, with some respiratory depression persisting for up to 23 hours.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Respiratory Physiology

    Background:

    • Dextroamphetamine and morphine exhibit synergistic analgesic effects but opposing effects on other physiological systems.
    • The antagonistic effect of dextroamphetamine on morphine-induced respiratory depression requires further substantiation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the respiratory effects of dextroamphetamine alone and in combination with morphine.
    • To evaluate the duration and dose-dependency of dextroamphetamine's antagonism of morphine-induced respiratory depression.

    Main Methods:

    • A double-blind study design was employed.
    • Respiratory parameters including resting respiration, isohypercapnic ventilation, and CO2 response were measured.
    • Dextroamphetamine was administered alone and in combination with low (0.15 mg/kg) and high (0.30 mg/kg) doses of morphine.

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    Main Results:

    • Dextroamphetamine alone increased minute ventilation and shifted the CO2 response curve leftward for less than 2 hours.
    • Combined with low-dose morphine, dextroamphetamine antagonized respiratory depression for 5 hours.
    • Combined with high-dose morphine, dextroamphetamine did not fully antagonize respiratory depression, with residual effects observed at 23 hours.

    Conclusions:

    • Dextroamphetamine demonstrates a dose-dependent antagonistic effect on morphine-induced respiratory depression.
    • The combination may be useful for maintaining analgesia while mitigating respiratory compromise, particularly at lower morphine concentrations.