Changes in the quantity of histone and actin messenger RNA during the development of preimplantation mouse embryos

Actin and histone H3 mRNA levels in mouse eggs and early embryos have been measured by use of recombinant DNA probes having sequence homology to those mRNA species. Total nucleic acid was extracted from pools of unfertilized eggs, two-cell embryos, eight-cell embryos, and blastocysts. The nucleic acids were resolved electrophoretically, bound to diazotized paper following Northern transfer, and hybridized with 32P-labeled histone or actin DNA probes. Our findings demonstrate that there is a maternal store of histone and actin mRNA in the unfertilized egg but that this mRNA pool is reduced roughly 10-fold on an embryo basis by the mid-two-cell stage. Following this reduction of maternal mRNA, histone and actin mRNA accumulation from the eight-cell cleavage stage to the blastocyst increases proportionally to cell number and appears to be controlled by zygote genome transcription.