Autolysis of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris spores lacking carbon dioxide during germination

Ultrathin sections of early germinating endospores of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris were studied by electron microscope. Only spores aerated with an air-CO2 mixture (5% CO2) grow out, while spores aerated with air (0.03% CO2) lyse by the 25th min of inoculation. The lysis is due to progressive, unlimited degradation of the spore integuments and a lack of cell wall formation around the spore protoplast. The requirement of CO2 for outgrowth could not be replaced by oxaloacetate. CO2 seems to be needed to energize the dormant cytoplasmic membrane of the spore to render it capable of initiating active transport processes and of synthesizing the germ cell wall.