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Immunological mechanisms controlling mycobacterial infections
Bulletin Europeen De Physiopathologie Respiratoire
|March 1, 1983
Summary
Understanding cell-mediated immunity (CMI) variations in mycobacterial diseases is crucial. Genetic factors significantly influence immune responses and BCG vaccine effectiveness against tuberculosis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Genetics
Background:
- Mycobacterial diseases, including tuberculosis, involve complex cell-mediated immunity (CMI) mechanisms.
- Variations in immune responses in humans and animal models affect disease control and vaccine efficacy.
- BCG vaccination effectiveness against tuberculosis is hypothesized to vary due to BCG strain potency and prior sensitization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on CMI in mycobacterial diseases.
- To explore factors influencing immune response variations and BCG vaccine effectiveness.
- To discuss new hypotheses on qualitative differences in human immune responses to mycobacteria.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on cell-mediated immunity and mycobacterial diseases.
- Analysis of factors affecting BCG vaccination effectiveness.
- Experimental evidence from murine models using BCG infection in inbred and recombinant mice.
Main Results:
- Identified at least two genes controlling CMI induction and expression after mycobacterial infection in mice.
- One gene (non-H2 linked) influences non-specific mononuclear phagocyte system activity.
- Another gene (H2-linked) modulates the level of CMI in responsive mice.
Conclusions:
- Immune responses to mycobacteria exhibit a spectrum, with modulated T and B lymphocyte responses in tuberculosis.
- Genetic control of CMI is a significant factor in managing mycobacterial infections.
- Antituberculosis strategies may need reconsideration based on genetic influences on immune responses.