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Type C botulism in American Foxhounds.

J A Barsanti, M Walser, C L Hatheway

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |April 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Botulism in American Foxhounds caused diffuse lower motor neuron dysfunction, leading to weakness or paralysis. Toxin identification and supportive care were key to recovery in affected dogs.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Neurology
    • Toxicology
    • Canine Medicine

    Background:

    • Diffuse lower motor neuron dysfunction observed in hunting American Foxhounds.
    • Clinical signs ranged from weakness to quadriplegia in affected dogs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the cause of neuromuscular dysfunction in a group of American Foxhounds.
    • To identify the toxic agent responsible for the observed clinical signs.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical examination and electromyography (EMG) were performed on affected dogs.
    • Serum and fecal samples were analyzed for the presence of toxins.
    • Mouse inoculation tests with botulinal antitoxins were used for toxin neutralization.
    • Necropsy and histopathological examination of one affected dog.

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    Main Results:

    • Ten dogs exhibited weakness, and nine became quadriplegic; three died before treatment.
    • Supportive care, with or without botulinal antitoxin, led to recovery in surviving quadriplegic dogs.
    • Electromyography showed decreased evoked potentials and increased chronaxy in paralyzed dogs.
    • A toxic substance neutralized by type C botulinal antitoxin was detected in affected dogs.
    • No gross or histological lesions were found in the neuromuscular system.

    Conclusions:

    • The clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and toxin neutralization supported a diagnosis of type C botulism.
    • Early supportive care is crucial for managing botulism in dogs.
    • This study highlights the potential for environmental toxins to cause neurological disease in canines.