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Copper deficiency in humans.

D M Williams

    Seminars in Hematology
    |April 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Copper is an essential trace element for metabolic enzymes. Nutritional copper deficiency, particularly in newborns and those on long-term parenteral nutrition, can cause anemia and neutropenia, impacting the hematopoietic system.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Human Nutrition
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Copper is an essential trace element vital for numerous metabolic enzymes.
    • Daily copper losses average 1.3 mg, necessitating a dietary intake of at least 2 mg/day for adults.
    • While copper is widespread in foods, recent studies indicate dietary intake may often be insufficient.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the clinical significance of copper deficiency.
    • To highlight situations where nutritional copper deficiency is well-documented.
    • To discuss the hematologic abnormalities associated with copper deficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of copper metabolism and deficiency states.
    • Analysis of documented cases of copper deficiency, including Menkes' syndrome.

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  • Examination of hematologic findings in copper-deficient individuals.

    • Main Results:

    • Clinically evident copper deficiency is rare but documented in specific situations.
    • Menkes' syndrome, an X-linked disorder, involves copper deficiency due to impaired absorption but is complex.
    • Nutritional copper deficiency is observed in premature newborns and patients on long-term total parenteral nutrition.
    • Anemia and neutropenia are prominent hematologic findings in copper deficiency.
    • Sideroblastic changes and nuclear maturation defects in erythroid precursors suggest broader hematopoietic effects beyond iron transport.

    Conclusions:

    • Copper deficiency can lead to significant hematologic abnormalities, including anemia and neutropenia.
    • The hematopoietic system is affected by copper deficiency in ways not fully explained by iron transport defects alone.
    • Awareness of copper's role is crucial, especially in vulnerable populations like premature infants and those on long-term nutritional support.