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Granulocyte function in malignant monoclonal gammopathy.

G Hopen, J Glette, A Halstensen

    Scandinavian Journal of Haematology
    |August 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Patients with malignant monoclonal gammopathy show decreased granulocyte functions, including adhesiveness and migration. This impairment, linked to plasma factors, may increase infection risk in these individuals.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Hematology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Malignant monoclonal gammopathies, such as myelomatosis and macroglobulinaemia, are associated with immune dysregulation.
    • Understanding the specific defects in immune cell function is crucial for managing patient health and infection risk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate granulocyte function in patients with untreated myelomatosis or macroglobulinaemia.
    • To identify potential plasma factors affecting granulocyte adhesiveness and migration.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed granulocyte adhesiveness (GA) and migration in capillary tubes (Tm) in 22 patients.
    • Evaluated granulocyte migration to skin chambers.
    • Measured chemiluminescence production during phagocytosis.
    • Assessed opsonic activity of patient sera.

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    Main Results:

    • Significantly decreased GA and Tm observed across gammopathy classes, particularly IgG myelomatosis.
    • Plasma factors were identified as inhibitors of GA and Tm, with a lack of a stimulating factor for Tm.
    • Reduced granulocyte migration to skin chambers and impaired chemiluminescence production were noted.
    • Patient sera exhibited significantly decreased opsonic activity compared to controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Granulocyte dysfunction, including impaired adhesiveness, migration, and phagocytosis, is prevalent in malignant monoclonal gammopathies.
    • These functional deficits, influenced by plasma factors, likely contribute to the increased susceptibility to infections in affected patients.