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Thyroid function in altered nutritional state.

G de Rosa, S Della Casa, S M Corsello

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology

|August 1, 1983

Summary

Nutritional status significantly impacts thyroid hormone levels. Anorexia nervosa and malnutrition alter thyroxine (T4) conversion to triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3 (rT3), affecting thyroid hormone regulation.

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Nutritional Science
Metabolic Disorders

Background:

Thyroid hormones, including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), play a crucial role in regulating metabolism.
Nutritional status can profoundly influence thyroid hormone levels and their peripheral conversion.
Understanding these alterations is vital for diagnosing and managing conditions associated with malnutrition and eating disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in individuals with varying nutritional statuses.
To compare thyroid hormone profiles in obese, anorexic nervosa, malnourished, and normal-weight subjects.
To elucidate the relationship between nutritional status and the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3.

Main Methods:

Measurement of basal and TRH-stimulated TSH, total and free T4, total and free T3, and reverse T3 (rT3) in plasma.
Comparative analysis across four groups: obese subjects, anorexia nervosa patients, malnourished subjects, and normal-weight controls.
Assessment of TSH response dynamics to TRH stimulation.

Main Results:

Serum free T4 was slightly elevated in anorexia nervosa; total and free T3 were decreased in anorexia nervosa and malnutrition.
Serum rT3 was increased in anorexia nervosa and malnutrition, but reduced in obesity.
A delayed TSH peak response to TRH stimulation was observed in anorexia nervosa and malnourished patients.
Total T4 levels remained similar across all groups.

Conclusions:

Alterations in serum iodothyronines are linked to the nutritional status of individuals.
Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 varies significantly based on nutritional state, impacting thyroid hormone profiles.
These findings highlight the complex interplay between nutrition and thyroid hormone metabolism.

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