Ethanol, a Leydig cell toxin: evidence obtained in vivo and in vitro

The available evidence which suggests that ethanol is a Leydig cell toxin is presented. Both in vivo and in vitro data are reviewed. The minor differences obtained in vitro as compared to those obtained in vivo are discussed. As a result of information obtained during the last decade, there can be little doubt that ethanol and possibly acetaldehyde are clinically important environmental Leydig cell toxins.